of dairy products, increases the risk.
Anti-food ingredients inhibitory effect
Phosphorus (e.g. in soft drinks): foods with a high phosphoric acid content reduce the incorporation of calcium.
Oxalates (e.g. spinach, rhubarb): form precipitation in the intestines and prevent calcium absorption.
Phytates (e.g. cereal seeds): have a similar effect to oxalates.
Lifestyle factors
High sugar and caffeine consumption: increases calcium excretion through the kidneys.
Alcohol: inhibits calcium
absorption and metabolism of vitamin D.
Smoking: nicotine affects bone metabolism and hormonal regulation.
Some diseases and medications
Kidney failure: a
